The HOPE Hospital, established in May 2008, caters to the secondary healthcare needs of street-connected children and adults. Throughout Kolkata, and indeed India, those residing on the streets and in the slums are deprived of access to adequate healthcare as they are unregistered citizens. Deprived of a birth certificate, passport and any form of identification, Government-run hospitals refuse to treat such individuals, leaving them highly vulnerable and at high-risk to ill-health.